Gastropoda

Snails are second only to the insects in abundance of number of species. They’re all over the place: from your own backyard, to the hottest deserts, the highest mountains and deepest oceans. There are so many, we even eat them, collect their shells and have use them for money. They are classified as mollusks, which make them relatives to squid, octopuses, oysters, scallops, and several other delicacies.

Snails and slugs (a slug is basically a snail with a housing problem) are the oldest species still around and fairly unchanged since their creation/phylogenesis in/during/around the Late Cambrian Era (aprox. 500 Million years ago), although their development to the form we know them today as, is pegged by malacologists (scientists who study them) at or around the Mesozoic Era, a time span extending roughly over 180 Million years.

If all these numbers sound a little vague to you it’s because they are: where phylogenesis and taxonomy are concerned, malacologists are still, er… slugging it out.

But all this scientific squabbling doesn’t stop the good ol’ snail from procreating to the point of plague. Most snails and slugs may behave as male for a while, then as a female. In their species that’s called hermaphroditism. In ours that would be called kinky. A few other species procreate through self-fertilization (where’s the fun in that?!).

Their shells are a whole psychedelic world unto themselves. They come in all shapes, shades and sizes, depending on the species and its location. It has several layers, and is typically made of calcium carbonate secreted by the mantle part of the body. Think of it as a body-covering fingernail. And the great part is, the shell can last for millions of years.

Blue Amber Snails

We know that there are no inclusions in blue amber — that is, there are no bugs – and we theorize that the heat caused any inclusions to be basically cooked. But there are shells.

The shells are generally never found inside the amber, but only stuck to the surface and/or partially submerged. Hence it’s a little hard to classify them as ‘inclusions’. What more, the amber itself must have been in an extremely liquid state when the empty shells came in contact with it, because it somehow managed to get all the way into the interior.

But the classification takes the cigar. As far as we can tell, all the snail shells found in blue amber are sea snails, probably of the genus Turritella. We know that amber rested at some point under the sea, but that it was still liquid enough to fill out the shell is an interesting tidbit. From hereon it seems the shell decided to take a ride out of the ocean and into the mountains. Think escargot on an elevator: the amber comes from the forests into the depth of the ocean, takes on a shell as passenger and goes back up into the mountains. The whole trip takes several million years of course, but what a ride.

Fossilized Turritella are nothing rare. Carbonate stone made from large quantities of Turritella shells are called Turritella Limestone, and if silicified, Turritella Agate. Especially the agate stones are used as jewelry and hailed as spiritual stones, capable of healing everything from fatigue to broken families. Germany even boasts the Turritella Plate of Ermingen, teeming with Turritella shells within its sediments.

But finding them in amber – more so, in Blue Amber – is not so common. So far less than a dozen shells have been found sitting on Blue Amber, and only about four are complete. How the shells got there in the first place is still a mystery. But wherever the snails were going, the amber was faster.

Sorry, I couldn’t help it.

Comment on this post here on the Blue Amber Forum!

The Blue Amber Forum has opened on blueamber.com and the topic is Dominican Amber with special emphasis on Blue Amber. But whether its colors, inclusions or a simple shout out to the Amber community, all topics are open. The Board will be run by Moderators so that all your questions may be answered. All that is required to post is a quick sign-up here. Now go out there and exercise your First!

The Forum is here.

Sign-up is here.

Enjoy!

The past year has been eventful for the Dominican amber world.

In October the extra-tropical storm system Noel hit the island and caused major flooding. (A few videos on the subject… the flooding and the people and their plight…)

The amber mines were also affected, yet not so dramatically. The holes filled with water and for several weeks no amber could be mined. Miners took this and the closing days of the year to relax.

For 2008 would start with a main event.

It is time for the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show, (see a map) and Blue Amber will be present for the very first time! For anyone in the Arizona area and the many visiting the city of Tucson when it turns from a sleepy old pueblo at the foot of the Catalinas into the world’s biggest gem show, this is the moment to see Blue Amber.

We will be in the main show area at the Tucson Convention Center Arena on Feb 14^th to 17th, Booth 21E. You are cordially invited to look us up and check out the Beauty of Blue Amber with your own eyes.

Here are a few specimens and pieces we will have on display:

• A few high-grade pendant sets, like this one or this one.
• The Blue Mountain — one of the largest specimens found in recent years
• A few samples of selected Blue Amber Jewelry
• The controversial Bee-or-Wasp Nest
• And much, much more!

Also we will of course personally be present to field your questions and help you to learn more about the beauty that is Blue Amber.

For those who can’t make it, you can keep track of us on the show on this blog as well as the video entries we will make on blueamberchannel.com.

See you on the show!

The confusion arises as follows:

[…] One finds the amber in the sea of India, but no one knows where it comes from. One only knows that the best Amber is the one found at Berbera (East Coast of Africa) and up to the ends of the land of the Zang, and also at Sihr and its surroundings. That amber has the shape of an egg and is gray. The people of that region go to find it, riding on camels during the moon-lit nights; they follow the coasts. They ride camels who are trained for that and who know how to look for amber on the coast. When the camel finds a piece of amber, it kneels down and its owner goes to collect it.

One also finds pieces of amber floating on the water of a considerable weight. Sometimes those pieces are really big. […] One can find it among the perfume makers at Baghdad and Basra. The piece of amber which does not have the bad smell is extremely pure.

— Abu Zaid al Hassan from Siraf & Sulaiman the Merchant, Travels in Asia, 851 AD

Reading this ancient travel-report, anyone marginally familiar with amber will note several odd discrepancies. No one knows where it comes from? Found at the East Coast of Africa? Shape of an egg and is gray? Camels find it? Perfume makers? Bad smell?

After a brief logical consideration, anyone will conclude that the amber mentioned here is something entirely different than our beloved Amber – that yellow-golden-brown-colored fossil resin.

Indeed it is. What Abu Zaid was speaking of was of course ambergris, which is, bluntly put, ‘sperm whale vomit’. It is an oily perfumed substance secreted by the sperm whale and cast up on the shore, where it would then be found by the… erm.. camels. Our English word ‘amber’ derives from the old Arabic word ‘anbar () and refers quite obviously to this waxy but very valuable substance and not to the fossil resin. Puts the usage of ‘Amber’ as a female first name in shocking contrast, doesn’t it? Since fossilized amber was initially found on the shores much like ambergris, the linguistic confusion was complete. In addition, translated ancient documents, particularly those from Pliny the Elder’s work Naturalis historia may also pertain to the origin of the term amber as applied to the fossil resin (for a more complete etymology of the word ‘amber’, click here).

So besides this dodgy whale upchuck, are there any other types of gray Amber that float?

Now, it’s a well known fact that amber floats in saltwater. But with all the unique forms of amber that are found – Blue Amber, Insect Inclusions, Green Amber, Bony Amber, White Amber, Cognac Amber, etc – here is yet another one: Foamy Amber.

It can be classified alongside White Amber, Bony Amber and Cognac Amber, since their origin seems to be of a similar nature. The turbidity which is the key factor in defining these names given to amber is not the result of any chemical, or the affect of any inclusion trapped in the resin. The turbidity is a result of thousands of tiny air bubbles held in the amber. The size and density of the air bubbles results in different shading. The size of the air bubbles range between 0.00017 mm - 0.02 mm. The smaller air bubbles packed densely together, about 9,000,000 per square millimetre produces the bastard forms of amber.

Amber Collector Garry Platt — http://www.gplatt.demon.co.uk/properti.htm

Dominican Foamy Amber is probably of a similar origin. Its appearance is a brown-gray, very light mass, reminding more of a fossilized sponge than of amber. It almost floats on normal water due to its high content of air bubbles, yet still can be nicely polished. How all the air got in there is a matter of speculation. There is little information as to the formation of Foamy Amber, except that it must have developed pre-fossilization involving air, liquid sap and possibly water. This find is very rare in the Dominican Republic, since amber with such extreme air-bubble inclusions are mostly found in the Baltic. But it does make it appearance and is easily distinguishable from Baltic amber by its gray-brown color and spongy look. It is this uniqueness only found here on this hurricane-battered island that makes it a much prized collector’s item, sought after by many.

Which inspired us to create a new section on our site dedicated to all those artists and their creations. We invite you to come and see this online exhibition and see just what happens when Art meets Blue Amber.

You can go here to the Art Gallery, or go directly to our current exhibition by Japanese artist Akira Obata. (Flash required)

Enjoy!

In other news…

Our catalog is now being updated once a week. Depending on what is found in the mines, we update starting every Wednesday with several new specimens. Check it out right now to see what we have found!

The house was at the end of a dusty drive way in one of the middle-to-lower-class suburbs, complete with ancient friendly neighbors in rocking chairs, happy kids scampering about and chickens crossing roads for no apparent reasons. They’ve lived here for many years, and although the house did not look wealthy by western standards, it was a decent place to grow up in.

Out in the back sat the hut with a thick palm tree roof but no walls. This was Luis’s work shop. Luis is a nimble man in his early forties with a warm disposition and thick calluses on his fingertips. He began his career as an amber polisher at fourteen, helping out in a polishing shop at 18 cents a week. He spent ten years in said shop, upping his wages from 18 cents to nearly $2, which was a decent amount for the late seventies.

At first it was just a job for him to make some money and help his family. His father had left his mother when Luis was about 10 and, being the oldest of the 5 children, he became the “man” in the house. Unlike other kids that worked with him, he overcame the fear of holding his fingers close to a machine built to grind into rock. Soon he understood the importance amber had for the Dominican Republic, something only few realized at the time. With said realization came appreciation, and once appreciation became part of the job, the product quality rose. He quickly learned that good and conscientious work paid off and kept the clients coming.

Thirty years passed. Meanwhile, Luis had got married, set up his own shop and bought his house and car for himslef and a scooter for his wife — The Dominican Dream (same as The American Dream, only with lower mortgage rates and car payments). He now has a son and daughter, fourteen and eight respectively. After doing jobs during several years for an American amber dealer, he now works nearly exclusively for ambarazul.com — a few side gigs notwithstanding — and is one of the reasons why we can claim a rather high-grade of quality in our products.

Luis has done well for himself. Everyone says so. Compared to most other average-income wages — say, as a line worker in one of the many duty-free zones — he makes a better living. He also learned to be reliable, honest and handle his income carefully and cautiously. Unlike some others.

One of his own workers, a young man in his late teens, seems to slide dangerously over to the Dark Side. He comes in late for work or not at all, blows his polishing money at the whim of his peers and measures life by the hangovers. Seeing that his income is around US$40 a week, a fair amount for 2007, Luis is saddened to see how someone so young can throw his life out a window with both hands. Unfortunately, this young man reflects today’s youth. Youth has never been perfect, but nowadays it seems to have hit rock bottom and begun to dig.

It may be ironic that Luis — himself a young man at 43 — thought this would be a great chance to begin a second life: he decided to return to school and now actually studies at the university to become a lawyer. He also participates in social-politic activities and might stand a chance in the future political arena. He still intents to continue his Amber business on the side, but hopes to become a legal advisor. It is not uncommon around here for a man heading towards middle-age to start a second career. Luis proofs that life does begin at 40. At least it can begin again. And you can polish it up to a shine.

It all boils down to the perception of the degree to which a product meets a customer’s expectations.

Hence ‘Quality’ in its purest definition is entirely perceptual, conditional and somewhat subjective. Philosopher Robert M. Pirsig even elevated ‘quality’ to a metaphysical concept that cannot be defined because it empirically precedes any intellectual constructions.

The same holds true for Blue Amber quality.

At first glance one would assume that the more blue a stone is, the higher the quality. The more it reflects the sunlight as the color blue, the higher the grade.

But as the various interpretations above point out, quality cannot be defined since everyone has his own definition based on use and personal perception.

As the age-old axiom states, beauty is in the eye of the beholder.

And, oddly enough, it also depends on nationality. On some continents for example the more popular coloration is the yellow/light-blue variation that focuses more on transparency and pureness in addition to a bluish hue as can be seen in the image. It is the unique glassy look that appeals in this case.

In other parts of the world, the color variation mostly desired is the strong and definite color. Blue amber ought to be blue. As we know, this is due to the density of the aromatic molecules in the resin. But it also is emphasized by the inclusions which already reflect the light inside the amber. In this case, the inclusions are desirable. Matter of fact, for many, inclusions and variations of color are a proof of genuineness and authenticity.

Other aspects are the kind of inclusions a piece holds as well as the play of different shades, the form of the specimen, the thickness of the hull and its color, the size, the mine of origin, the age, and so on and so forth.

So what is high grade, high quality Blue Amber? It really depends on everyone’s own taste, opinion or purpose he has for it. Therefore, when it comes down to it, quality is your choice.

The value of amber has risen and fallen over the years, much due to recent developments of fake amber. But it is still prized in the range of gold. People still travel thousands of miles to find the gem, be it to the Baltic, the Dominican Republic or some trade show in Tucson.

Often the use of the word ‘amber’ does not reflect our beloved fossilized resin at all. Amber Oil for example does not necessarily mean ‘oil made from fossilized amber’. The original amber oil was made of gray amber (ambergris) which has nothing in common with amber as we know it. In fact, ambergris is a rare waxy substance found floating on the ocean, initially of unknown origin. Later it was determined that ambergris was nothing more than sperm whale… erm… regurgitation. Sometimes amber oils or essences are made of a semi-solid mass of tree resins or gums mixed with essential oils, bees wax and fragrant plant powders. One metaphysical website refers to amber oil as “a nice resin and floral combination used in love spells and all things related to the Sun.”

Uh… yeah.

But there is also amber oil that can be made from fossilized Baltic amber. Also known as Spirit of Amber, it was procured from amber by pulverizing and distilling it using a sand bath. Today it is known as Succinic Acid (also butanedioic acid). The so called Oil of Amber on the other hand is a thin, colorless or pale-yellow oil, procured from spirit of amber. According to King’s American Dispensatory (1898) it was once used as an antihysteric and emmenagogue, being very fluid and penetrative. Today little uses can be drawn from Amber Oil made of fossilized amber, although there are unconfirmed reports of Baltic fossilized amber oil being used in balsams and colognes.

One contemporary ‘medicinal’ use for Baltic amber seems to be an old recipe fellow writer Jack King points to: bottle 98% spirit over 20 - 40 grains of Baltic amber. Cap. Wait five days. The result would be closest thing we have on earth to a Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster. In fact, Amber Vodka has been around for a few years and is said to be a cure for everything. A very creative use for low grade amber and amber dust, I would say.

The uses for Dominican Amber are less imaginative, although the metaphysical department has picked up on it very quickly. Mystical Amber Stones are flooding the market, promising everything from pure health, success in business and life, to enlightenment and things also written on the cover of Viagra packs. Some like to add amber into their daily cup of tea, preferably with inclusions for the above reasons.

The most common use for Dominican Amber is still as ornaments and not talismans, while the more valuable enclosures and colorations become collector’s pieces. Most of our Blue Amber specimens for example have become priced exhibition pieces both in private and public collections all over the world.

A favorite in Hong Kong and Japan for sculptures, Blue Amber has been masterfully worked into artistic carvings. Others have used Blue Amber to make rings, brooches and necklaces that can be worn in clubs and discos for its natural fluorescence under UV lights.

In the Muslim world Dominican Amber and particularly Blue Amber beads have found their way into another use as a mesbaha or mesbah — a string of worry beads probably of Persian origin which are traditionally used by Muslims and Sufis, although some claim that the Prophet Muhammad never used something like them. Today most mesbah, much like the Greek kombolói, seem to be used mostly as fashion accessories and status symbols. Many upper-class Muslims spend a considerable amount of time and money in acquiring the perfect beads and have large collections of different mesbah — much like Westerners and their neckties.

All this comes to show that Amber is a gem priced, valued and revered all over the world by multiple cultures and denominations: the perfect earthly ambassador.

]]> http://ambarazul.com/wordpress/2007/01/19/amber-what-is-it-good-for/feed/ http://ambarazul.com/wordpress/2006/09/01/the-mine-part-one/ http://ambarazul.com/wordpress/2006/09/01/the-mine-part-one/#comments Fri, 01 Sep 2006 03:20:00 +0000 aleccorday http://ambarazul.com/wordpress/2006/09/01/the-mine-part-one/ Let’s play word association. I say a word and you try to think of all the words that come to mind.

Ready? Here it goes.

“Amber Mine.”

Excavation. Hole in the ground. Shafts. Dirty-faced miners. Trolley. Shovels. Lamps on helmets. Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom.

Okay, don’t know where the last one came from. But indeed, most of us have a certain image in our heads as to what a mine should look like, and the above words sum this up quite nicely.

Steven Spielberg didn’t help the image. In his 1993 movie Jurassic Park he depicted a Dominican Amber Mine the way he felt it should look (using the above words). The result was a very stylized Dominican Amber Mine, with a river alongside it, about a dozen miners in hardhats with picks and shovels and even the obligatory mining trolley. The mine itself was large and secured by pillars and vertical and a grown man could stand in it. Even the pieces found are easily exposed and show off their interior beauty in the shine of powerful flashlights.

But to this critic the funniest discrepancy was the Mexican accents of the miners.

In short, most people imagine amber mining to be alike shaft mining. The truth is, it is closer to bell pitting than shaft mining.

The difference is quickly told: shaft mining is what everyone understands under ‘mining’: trolleys, lamps, pillars, the works.

Bell pitting is basically a foxhole dug with whatever tools are available. Machetes do the start, some shovels and picks and hammers may participate eventually. The pit itself goes as deep as possible or safe, sometimes vertical, sometimes horizontal, but never level. It snakes into hill sides, drops away, joins up with others, goes straight up and pops out elsewhere. ‘Foxhole’ applies indeed: rarely are the pits large enough to stand in, and then only at the entrance. Miners crawl around on their knees using candles and short-handled picks, shovels and machetes.

There are little to no safety measures in sight. A pillar or so may hold back the ceiling from time to time but only if the area has previously collapsed.

There is also a shocking lack in any other safety measures we have come to know from mines. Candles are the only source of light. Humidity inside the mines is at 100%. Since the holes are situated high on mountainsides (no rivers to speak of) and deep inside said mountains, the temperature is cool and bearable, but after several hours the air becomes stale.

During rain the mines are forced to close. The holes fill up quickly with water, and there is little point in pumping it out again (although sometimes this is done) because the unsecured walls may crumble. The dirt is hauled out of the pits using sacks, and the miners crawl to the surface out of their cave in Platonic fashion, squint into the sun as they dump the dirt and promptly return down into their reality.

There are some mining families who have done this for years. Other miners come on a temporary basis, but the number of people involved in the digging process fluctuates around 3000 island wide.

In light of the above circumstances one is forced to ask why anyone would want to continue in such a seemingly hazardous occupation.

In order to understand the Dominican miners, one must understand the Dominican idiosyncrasy. We already talked about this in the Amber Forger Boys article, but the gist would be: as long as it works, it’ll do.

The lack of security measures is not due to a lack of money. Being an amber miner can be quite profitable. But why install safety procedures if nothing serious has happened? Why use expensive flashlights if candles are so much cheaper? Why waste time digging large holes if small ones are dug much faster?

Although there are exceptions and variations, this is collectively known as the Mañana Philosophy. Why do it today if you can do it mañana?

Foresight is practically nonexistent — living in the moment is what counts. Many mining families live in relative poverty (relative to western standards) but not always due to a lack of money but a lack of will, prevision and care on their own behalf: we have lived like this all our life and it has served us well – why change?

Of course there are often cases of alcoholism and gambling (cockfighting is particularly popular among miners) which contribute to their state, but it would be unfair to pity miners for their lot in life since they have chosen it and are handling it on their own free will.

Mines are privately held, rarely by the miners. A common practice is for owners to permit the miners to dig on their premises and then buy the found stones from them. This has the advantage for the owner that he only pays the miners if they find something, and the advantage for the miners that the more they work and find, the more money they make. It is not uncommon for a miner to make 3 to 20 thousand pesos in a good week (the nation’s minimum wage is 3000 pesos a month), working on his own schedule.

What about rumors of child labor? Unless a father decides to take his son to the mine and show him the ropes and have him help out a bit, children do not work in the mines (there goes another Indiana Jones image). Of course it is natural for kids to help out in the family business, especially here.

Family is very important in the Dominican Republic and young people generally do not leave their parents at all, even after marriage. Children are not just thought of as offspring to guarantee the succession of a family line, but also as a Retirement Plan. At a certain age the roles in the house hold are reversed, and the grown children take care of their aged parents (a pointer to any foreigner considering marriage to a Dominican: you do not marry a person, you marry a family).

Mines spring literally out of the ground over night, sometimes last only a short time and then run dry. Others seem to go on for years and specialize in certain types of amber. While one may be known for its insects, another may be known for its blue variations. Some have been around for years and don’t seem to slow down.

The following list of Amber mines focuses on mines in the Cordillera Septentrional, a mountain range located between the coastal city of Puerto Plata and the “secret capital” of the Dominican Republic, the city of Santiago.

There are two main arteries connecting the two cities, one highway taking the long way around the range, while the shortest and scenic road cuts straight through. The scenic road, known as the Carretera Turística, the Tourist Road, has much history to it – and it shows. The former nation’s dictator Trujillo built a luscious residence alongside it with its own private coffee plantation, and had the famous revolutionists the Mirabal Sisters brutally executed just a kilometer down the road (the incident was depicted in the movie In the Time of the Butterflies, featuring Salma Hayek).

Despite being the first and oldest, it is also one of the worst kept. There are almost as many potholes as there are amber stores along that road, and that’s because of the proximity to the amber mines (the stores, not the potholes).

About half-way between the two cities and on its highest point sits the quaint little village of La Cumbre, population twenty huts and a goat. La Cumbre, meaning The Peak, is the Dominican Amber Central. Life up here pretty much centers around excavating amber, planting coffee, having a good time and roasting the above goat. And that for over fifty years (the amber mines, not the… you know).

It is up here that some of the best known amber mines have sprung from the ground… that is, dove into the ground to be specific. The following list is about mines on the east side of the road.

Usage of the term ‘mine’: The name of each mine we will explore below does not refer to a single hole and/or several. It refers to an entire area that can cover up to five kilometers, give or take a few clicks. Dominican idiosyncrasy makes name-calling difficult. Try getting directions. Indications are generally very vague and hard to follow. It seems however that many ‘mines’ sharing the same name but spread out over a larger area seem to also share the same ‘veta’ – a vein of amber running through the mountain.

________________________________________________

Name: Palo Quemado

Meaning of Name: Burnt Log

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. Close to the Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: 4+ vary with season. Area size about 5 kilometers.

Color Gradient: Mostly traditional amber, gold, yellow, lemon. Slight blue shimmers for yellow at times. Some reddish to deep red.

Quality: Most of the material is workable for jewelry. It is very strong and takes longer to polish. Holes can be drilled without chipping and a polished sheen will last.

Fossils: Seldom and/or bad quality.

Notes: This is one of the first mines on the island. It also has delivered some of the largest known pieces.

________________________________________________

Name: La Toca

Meaning of Name: The Crest

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. Close to the Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: 20+ vary with season. Area size about 2 kilometers.

Color Gradient: Amber, yellow, dirty-yellow. Slight blue shimmers for yellow at times. No known reddish tones, which is unusual.

Quality: Most of the material is workable for jewelry. It is overly very clear and strong.

Fossils: Not overabundant but generally of very good quality. Some of the world’s rarest enclosures have been found here: scorpions, several geckos, etc.

Notes: There seem to be three ‘vetas’ on top of each other, two of which are of low quality in all respects. The third, separated by just a few feet of neutral strata, is high grade, nearly through and through.

Most holes are also dug at steep angles, following the ‘veta’. They are also so deep that it seems as if the holes could someday exit valley-sides at the other side of the mountain.

________________________________________________

Name: Carlos Díaz

Meaning of Name: Name of former owner.

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. Close to the Carretera Turística. Eastward of La Toca.

Amount of Holes: 5+ varies with season. Area size about 1 kilometer.

Color Gradient: Mostly traditional amber, gold, yellow, lemon.

Quality: Most of the material is workable for jewelry.

Fossils: Sometimes. Several excellent pieces have been found here: a gecko and even a frog (if incomplete), etc

Notes: The mines are hard to get to. This has not made exploitation overly viable.

________________________________________________

Name: Villa Trina

Meaning of Name: Villa Trina (personal name)

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. Close to the Carretera Turística. Eastward of La Toca.

Amount of Holes: 5+ varies with season. Area size about 1 kilometer.

Color Gradient: Mostly traditional amber, gold. Sometimes very dark.

Quality: About 30% workable for jewelry.

Fossils: Sometimes.

Notes: The mines are hard to get to. This has not made exploitation overly viable.

________________________________________________

Name: Los Cacaos

Meaning of Name: The Cocoa Trees

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. Close to the Carretera Turística. Eastward of La Toca.

Amount of Holes: No holes at all. Open-pits, 2 to 5 meters deep.

Color Gradient: Mostly blue. Several deep blue, purple blue. Also red and whiskey-colored. A few of the ‘blue’ turn green after polishing.

Quality: Mostly workable for jewelry.

Fossils: Never.

Notes: The location, sediment and finds are unique. It is the world’s primary Blue Amber source and its circumstances need yet investigation. The strata itself is bluish, much like the stones. The stones found usually resemble potatoes. This is one of the primary sources for the Blue Amber available on ambarazul.com.

________________________________________________

Name: Palo Alto

Meaning of Name: High Log

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística. Mine has been closed.

Amount of Holes: N/A

Color Gradient: Amber, yellow, dark yellow.

Quality: N/A

Fossils: N/A

Notes: The mine has since been closed. Some of the largest specimens where found here and nearly all had inclusions. Many pieces are the primary study/exhibition objects in museums around the world. It is also the mine that has been dated due to its strata, setting the age-standard for Dominican Amber at 20-23 million years of age, somewhere at the “lower part Early Miocene, anywhere between the base of the Epoch and the top of the Globigerinita stainforthi Zone.” (Baroni Urbani & Saunders – 1980: 219)

________________________________________________

Name: Los Higos

Meaning of Name: The Figs

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: One single-open pit.

Color Gradient: Mostly red, green and blue.

Quality: High quality. Good for drilling and polishing.

Fossils: Never.

Notes: Los Higos considered strongest amber. Make distinctive sound when struck together.

________________________________________________

Name: La Bucara

Meaning of Name: The Clay

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: 5+ deep holes.

Color Gradient: Mostly red, green and blue , as well as amber, yellow in low grade.

Quality: High quality. Good for drilling and polishing.

Fossils: Sometimes.

Notes: Our newest video at blueamberchannel.com was shot entirely here.

________________________________________________

Name: El Arroyo

Meaning of Name: The Creek

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Possibly pure-chance-surface finds.

Color Gradient: Amber, yellow, sometimes red-green-blue.

Quality: High quality. Good for jewelry.

Fossils: None so far.

Notes: Very strong amber. Mine is worked rarely and little is found. Sometimes special finds do pop up, even large specimens. If they do, they are usually good quality.

________________________________________________

Name: Las Auyamas

Meaning of Name: The Pumpkins

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Possibly pure-chance-surface finds.

Color Gradient: Yellow.

Quality: Soft material, must be carefully worked.

Fossils: Most of the time.

Notes: Much of the material found here is soft in quality. This is both good and bad, depending on what it will be used for.

________________________________________________

Name: El Aguacate

Meaning of Name: The Avocado

Location: La Cumbre-area. South-side of the Cordillera Septentrional mountain range. West-side of Carretera Turística.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Possibly pure-chance-surface finds.

Color Gradient: Yellow, reddish-dark.

Quality: 50/50.

Fossils: Usually.

Notes: El Arroyo, Las Auyamas and El Aguacate are a series of holes in areas with the same name. How many holes exactly is a matter of speculation. Most ‘holes’ aren’t holes per se, but the pieces are found on the surface by pure chance in the indicated area.

________________________________________________

Name: La Cumbre

Meaning of Name: The Peak

Location: La Cumbre-area (obviously), east of the Carretera Touristica.

Amount of Holes: approx. 15.

Color Gradient: Mostly blue.

Quality: 50/50.

Fossils: Rare.

Notes: This is a new, privately owned mine, meaning the owners mine it themselves, not thought freelance-miners as most other mines. It is quickly becoming one of the better Blue Amber mines.

________________________________________________

Name: Juan de Nina

Meaning of Name: family name

Location: Puerto Plata area.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Estimated at 5+.

Color Gradient: Yellow and very light-yellow.

Quality: Less than 20% are useful. It is however very workable and polishes well.

Fossils: Sometimes.

Notes: Much of the enclosures seem to be sediment of the very strata it is found in.

________________________________________________

Name: El Naranjo

Meaning of Name: The Orange Tree

Location: Puerto Plata area.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Estimated at 5+.

Color Gradient: Yellow and very light-yellow.

Quality: Less than 20% are useful. It is however very workable and polishes well.

Fossils: Rarely.

Notes: In general identical to Juan de Nina. Also has much sediment enclosures.

________________________________________________

Name: Pescado Bobo

Meaning of Name: Silly Fish (seriously!)

Location: Puerto Plata area.

Amount of Holes: unknown. Estimated at 5+.

Color Gradient: Yellow, sometimes with green-blue fluorescence.

Quality: Usually 50/50.

Fossils: Sometimes.

Notes: It should be noted that Blue Amber from this mine seems to loose its coloration upon polishing. Mine is similar again to Juan de Nina and El Naranjo in sediment-enclosures. The Puerto Plata area seems to be well known for these. Much amber is also found near the ocean, and/or at beaches, carried here by rivers. This reminds strongly of Baltic amber.

________________________________________________

Citations: This compilation has been made with personal experience and using/completing the information from the following sources:

Baroni Urbani, C. & Saunders, J.B. (1980): The fauna of the Dominican Republic amber: the present status of knowledge. – Memorias, 9a geologica del Caribe, 1: 213-223; Santo Domingo. (Published 1983).

Schlee, D. (1980): Bernstein-Raritaeten (Farben, Strukturen, Fossilen, Handwerk). – 88 S. (mit 55 Farbtafeln); Staatl. Museum fuer Naturkunde) Stuttgart.

Schlee, D. (1984): Besonderheiten des Dominikanischen Bernsteins. – Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., C, 18: 63-71; Stuttgart.

Martínez, R. & Schlee, D. (1984): Die Dominikanischen Bernsteinminen der Nordkordillera, speziell auch aus der Sicht der Werkstaetten. – Stuttgarter Beitr. Naturk., C, 18: 79-84; Stuttgart.

]]> http://ambarazul.com/wordpress/2006/09/01/the-mine-part-one/feed/